Experimental investigations on the workability of sustainable composite by recycling waste plastics and agro-waste

Soni  Ashish; Das Pankaj Kumar; Yusuf  Mohammad; Syahrir Ridha

doi:10.5937/zasmat2204493S

Authors

Soni Ashish National Institute of Technology Agartala, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tripura, India Author
Das Pankaj Kumar National Institute of Technology Agartala, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tripura, India Author
Yusuf Mohammad Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia + Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Author
Syahrir Ridha Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia + Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2204493S

Keywords:

characterizations, green manufacturing, sustainable composites, recycling, waste management

Abstract

Widespread applications of raw materials in building construction with population generation have steadily increased the demand for fresh raw materials and provoked environmental pollution. Development of sustainable building materials by recycling various solid waste could be a viable approach to reduce the problems arising from generating solid waste besides providing an alternative raw material for building construction. The present study demonstrates the development of polymeric composite materials as floor tile using different waste plastics, includes lowdensity polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene as matrices with incorporation rice husk ash and sand as fillers. The workability of the developed materials was verified through experimental evaluations of physical, mechanical, and tribological properties. The minimum values of water absorption and abrasive wear were found to be 0.0397 % and 0.03267 (cm3 ) for the composites LDPE50PET20S30 and LD50S50, respectively. However, the composites HD50S50 resulted in an optimum mechanical strength with compressive strength and flexural strength of 46.2 and 6.24 (N/mm2 ), respectively. It was observed that the workability of the composites improves with the incorporation of sand particles. The scope of the present study relies on the development of methods and techniques for developing sustainable building materials through recycling of solid waste along with its characterization which provides an easy reference for solid waste processing towards sustainability.

References

(1991) E.ASTM Standard test method for measuring abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus. ASTM G65-91, p.231-243

Bajracharya, R.M., Manalo, A.C., Karunasena, W., Lau, K.T. (2016) Characterisation of recycled mixed plastic solid wastes: Coupon and full-scale investigation.Waste management, 48, 72-80

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.017

Bledzki, A., Jaszkiewicz, A. (2010) Mechanical performance of biocomposites based on PLA and PHBV reinforced with natural fibres-A comparative study to PP.Composites science and technology, 70(12), 1687-1696

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.06.005

Brandt, A.M. (2005) Cement-based composites: materials, mechanical properties and performance. CRC Press

https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482265866

Das, C.S., Dey, T., Dandapat, R., Mukharjee, B.B., Kumar, J. (2018) Performance evaluation of polypropylene fibre reinforced recycled aggregate concrete.Construction and Building Materials, 189, 649-659

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.036

Deo, O., Sumanasooriya, M., Neithalath, N. (2010) Permeability reduction in pervious concretes due to clogging: experiments and modeling.Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 22(7), 741-751

https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000079

Dibimbozo, M., Mikla, N., Marcel, E., Alexis, K. (2017) Physical characterization of composite materials based on plastic waste (polyethylene terephthalate) and sand.Int J Eng Sci Res Technol, 6(10), 422-423

Frigione, M. (2010) Recycling of PET bottles as fine aggregate in concrete.Waste management, 30(6), 1101-1106

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.030

Givi, A.N., Rashid, S.A., Aziz, F.N.A., Salleh, M.A.M. (2010) Assessment of the effects of rice husk ash particle size on strength, water permeability and workability of binary blended concrete.Construction and Building Materials, 24(11), 2145-2150

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.045

Ilker, O. (2007) Processing of unglazed ceramic tiles from blast furnace slag/Ilker Ozdemir, Senol Yilmaz.Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 183(1), 13-17

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.09.002

Ishaiba, A. (2015) Mechanical properties of concrete using recycled plastic. Gaza: The Islamic university

Juki, M.I., Awang, M., Annas, M.M.K., Boon, K.H., Othman, N., Roslan, M.A., Khalid, F.S. (2013) Relationship between compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength of concrete containing granulated waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles as fine aggregate.Advanced materials research, Trans Tech Publ, p. 356-359

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.795.356

Kumar, S., Mer, K.K.S., Gangil, B., Patel, V.K. (2019) Synergy of rice-husk filler on physico-mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid Bauhiniavahlii/sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites.Journal of Materials Research and technology, 8(2), 2070-2082

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.12.021

Kumar, S., Gangil, B., Patel, V.K. (2016) Physicomechanical and tribological properties of grewia optiva fiber/bio-particulates hybrid polymer composites. in: AIP conference proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, p. 020384

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4946435

Li, J., Xiao, F., Zhang, L., Amirkhanian, S.N. (2019) Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of recycled solid waste materials in highway pavement: A review.Journal of Cleaner Production, 233, 1182-1206

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.061

Mehta, P.K. (1992) Rice Hush Ash-A unique supplementary cementing material. in: Proceeding of CANMET/ACI International Symposium on Advances in Concrete Technology, p.407-430

Mentlík, V., Michal, O. (2018) Influence of SiO2 nanoparticles and nanofibrous filler on the dielectric properties of epoxy-based composites.Materials Letters, 223, 41-44

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.04.021

Mercante, I., Alejandrino, C., Ojeda, J., Chini, J., Maroto, C., Fajardo, N. (2018) Mortar and concrete composites with recycled plastic: A review.Science and Technology of Materials, 30, 69-79

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stmat.2018.11.003

Mishra, B., Gupta, M.K. (2018) Use of randomly oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber in combination with fly ash in subgrade of flexible pavement.Construction and Building Materials, 190, 95-107

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.074

Nguyen, H., Moghadam, M.J., Moayedi, H. (2019) Agricultural wastes preparation, management, and applications in civil engineering: a review.Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21(5), 1039-1051

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00872-y

Novais, R.M., Seabra, M., Labrincha, J. (2015) Wood waste incorporation for lightweight porcelain stoneware tiles with tailored thermal conductivity.Journal of Cleaner Production, 90, 66-72

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.045

Panyakapo, P., Panyakapo, M. (2008) Reuse of thermosetting plastic waste for lightweight concrete.Waste management, 28(9), 1581-1588

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.08.006

Payá, J., Monzó, J., Borrachero, M.V., Tashima, M.M., Soriano, L. (2018) Waste and supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. Elsevier, p. 559-598

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102156-9.00017-1

Remadnia, A., Dheilly, R., Laidoudi, B., Quéneudec, M. (2009) Use of animal proteins as foaming agent in cementitious concrete composites manufactured with recycled PET aggregates.Construction and Building Materials, 23(10), 3118-3123

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.027

Safi, B., Saidi, M., Aboutaleb, D., Maallem, M. (2013) The use of plastic waste as fine aggregate in the self-compacting mortars: Effect on physical and mechanical properties.Construction and Building Materials, 43, 436-442

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.049

Saxena, R., Siddique, S., Gupta, T., Sharma, R.K., Chaudhary, S. (2018) Impact resistance and energy absorption capacity of concrete containing plastic waste.Construction and Building Materials, 176, 415-421

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.019

Seghiri, M., Boutoutaou, D., Kriker, A., Hachani, M.I. (2017) The possibility of making a composite material from waste plastic.Energy Procedia, 119, 163-169

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.065

Sharma, A.K., Baredar, P. (2019) Development of the composites by using Industrial Waste.Materials Today: Proceedings, 18, 5128-5132

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.509

Siddika, A., Mamun, M., Al, A., Ali, M. (2018) Study on concrete with rice husk ash.Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 3(1), 1-9

https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-018-0127-6

Siddique, R., Khatib, J., Kaur, I. (2008) Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review.Waste management, 28(10), 1835-1852

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.011

Soni, A. (2022) Development of sand-plastic composites as floor tiles using silica sand and recycled thermoplastics mixture from postconsumer products -A sustainable approach for cleaner production.Sci. Rep., (0123456789), 1-19

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19635-1

Soni, A., Das, P.K., Yusuf, M., Ridha, S. (2022) Tribological behavior of particulates reinforced sustainable composites: Effect of composition, load, and sliding speed.Sustain. Chem. Pharm., 29, 100748

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100748

Soni, A., Das, P.K., Yusuf, M. (2022) An experimental investigation on physical-mechanical-tribological performance of thermoplastic composites with partial sand replacements.Materwiss. Werksttech., 53 (9), 1028-1042

https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202100375

Soni, A., Das, P.K., Yusuf, M., Pasha, A.A., Irshad, K., Bourchak, M. (2022) Synergy of RHA and silica sand on physico-mechanical and tribological properties of waste plastic-reinforced thermoplastic composites as floor tiles.Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20915-6

Soni, A., Das, P.K., Hashmi, A.W., Yusuf, M., Kamyab, H., Chelliapan, S. (2022) Challenges and opportunities of utilizing municipal solid waste as alternative building materials for sustainable development goals: A review.Sustain. Chem. Pharm., 27, 100706

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100706

Wu, H., Zuo, J., Yuan, H., Zillante, G., Wang, J. (2019) A review of performance assessment methods for construction and demolition waste management.Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 150, 104407

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104407

Yin, S., Tuladhar, R., Shi, F., Combe, M., Collister, T., Sivakugan, N. (2015) Use of macro plastic fibres in concrete: A review.Construction and Building Materials, 93, 180-188

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.105

Zafar, M.F., Siddiqui, M.A. (2018) Raw natural fiber reinforced polystyrene composites: Effect of fiber size and loading.Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(2), 5908-5917

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.190