Electric and electrochemical studies of polyether based electrolyte for energy application

Sehrish  Nazir; Abubakar Gambo  Muhammad; Ikhwan Syafiq  Mohd Noor; Muhd Zu  Azhan Yahya; Pramod K.  Singh

doi:10.62638/ZasMat1244

Authors

Sehrish Nazir Centre for Solar-cells and Renewable Energy (CSRE), Department of Physics, SSBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-0281
Abubakar Gambo Muhammad Centre for Solar-cells and Renewable Energy (CSRE), Department of Physics, SSBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India Author
Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor Physics Division, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Author
Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Author
Pramod K. Singh Centre for Solar-cells and Renewable Energy (CSRE), Department of Physics, SSBSR, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1244

Abstract

Electrolytes are the most significant parts or element of energy storage devices. Polymer electrolytes are known for their wide range of application but, the main problem with polymer electrolytes is their low ionic conductivity. This has attracted the researchers to developed different approaches to increase the ionic conductivity of polymers. Preparation of polymer matrix using solution casting techniques was explained. This review, report the various approaches as well as the result obtained by different studies using polyether-based electrolyte which include PEO, PEO/PEG, PPO, PEDGA, PEG, PTMEG etc. by adding different quantity of various salts as a dopant. From the reviewed work, there is significant development of the ionic conductivity reported by different researchers this clearly shows a promising wide application in energy storage devices such as supercapacitor, batteries, fuel cells etc.

Keywords:

polymer electrolytes, polyether, supercapacitor, ionic conductivity

Supporting Agencies

The authors acknowledge the CSTUP (CST/D-1041) for financial assistance

References

I. A. Kariper, S. Korkmaz, C. Karaman, O. Karaman, (2022) "High energy supercapacitors based on functionalized carbon nanotubes: Effect of atomic oxygen doping via various radiation sources," Fuel, 324, 124497,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124497

T. Chen, L. Dai, (2013) "Carbon nanomaterials for high-performance supercapacitors," Mater. Today, 16(7-8), 272-280,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.07.002

P. Anandhi, V. Jawahar Senthil Kumar, S. Harikrishnan (2021) "Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Application," in Handbook of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications, O. V. Kharissova, L. M. Torres-Martínez, and B. I. Kharisov, Eds., Cham: Springer International Publishing, p.1639-1662.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_96 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36268-3_96

J. Wu (2022) "Understanding the Electric Double-Layer Structure, Capacitance, and Charging Dynamics," Chem. Rev., 122(12), 10821-10859,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00097

S. A. Hashmi, N. Yadav, M. K. Singh (2020) "Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitor and Challenges," in Polymer Electrolytes, 1st ed., T. Winie, A. K. Arof, and S. Thomas, Eds., Wiley, p. 231-297.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527805457.ch9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527805457.ch9

M. Gustavo (2010) "Dynamic Modelling and Control Design of Advanced Energy Storage for Power System Applications," in Dynamic Modelling, A. V., Ed., InTech,

https://doi.org/10.5772/7092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/7092

S. Nazir, S. P. Pandey, F. A. Latif, P. K. Singh (2024) "Current Scenario and Future Prospective of Ionic‐Liquid Doped Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Application," Macromol. Symp., 413(1), 2300035,

https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202300035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.202300035

R. C. Agrawal, G. P. Pandey (2008) "Solid polymer electrolytes: materials designing and all-solid-state battery applications: an overview," J. Phys. Appl. Phys., 41(22), 223001,

https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/22/223001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/22/223001

G. Xi, M. Xiao, S. Wang, D. Han, Y. Li, Y. Meng (2021) "Polymer‐Based Solid Electrolytes: Material Selection, Design, and Application," Adv. Funct. Mater., 31(9), 2007598,

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007598

D. M. Halat et al. (2021) "Modifying Li + and Anion Diffusivities in Polyacetal Electrolytes: A Pulsed-Field-Gradient NMR Study of Ion Self-Diffusion," Chem. Mater., 33(13), 4915-4926,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00339

S. R. Dhakate et al. (2020) "Advanced Materials for Strategic and Societal Applications," in Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India, D. K. Aswal, Ed., Singapore: Springer Singapore, p.811-879.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8872-3_17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8872-3_17

S. Koltzenburg, M. Maskos, O. Nuyken (2023) Polymer Chemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64929-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64929-9

F. T. Hong, V. Ladelta, R. Gautam, S. M. Sarathy, N. Hadjichristidis (2021) "Polyether-Based Block Co(ter)polymers as Multifunctional Lubricant Additives," ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 3(8), 3811-3820,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00398

P. Sharma, S. Sharma, H. Kumar (2024) "Introduction to ionic liquids, applications and micellization behaviour in presence of different additives," J. Mol. Liq., 393, 123447,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.123447 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.123447

H. Chen et al. (2020) "Stable Seamless Interfaces and Rapid Ionic Conductivity of Ca-CeO 2 /LiTFSI/PEO Composite Electrolyte for High‐Rate and High‐Voltage All‐Solid‐State Battery," Adv. Energy Mater., 10(21), 2000049,

https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000049

V. St‐Onge, S. Rochon, J. Daigle, A. Soldera, J. P. Claverie (2021) "The Unusual Conductivity of Na + in PEO‐Based Statistical Copolymer Solid Electrolytes: When Less Means More," Angew. Chem., 133(49), 26101-26108,

https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202109709 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202109709

R. Bakar et al. (2022) "Effect of Polymer Topology on Microstructure, Segmental Dynamics, and Ionic Conductivity in PEO/PMMA-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes," ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 4(1), 179-190,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01178 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01178

A. Naboulsi, R. Chometon, F. Ribot, G. Nguyen, O. Fichet, C. Laberty-Robert (2024) "Correlation between Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Solid-like PEO-based Polymer Electrolyte," ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 16(11), 13869-13881,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c19249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c19249

H. Wang, X. Cui, C. Zhang, H. Gao, W. Du, Y. Chen (2020) "Promotion of Ionic Conductivity of PEO-Based Solid Electrolyte Using Ultrasonic Vibration," Polymers, 12(9), 1889,

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12091889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12091889

S.Toe, F.Chauvet, L.Leveau, J.-C.Remigy, T. Tzedakis (2023) "Impact of unsolvated lithium salt concentration on the ions transport pathway in polymer electrolyte (LiTFSI-PEO): empirical mathematical model to predict the ionic conductivity," J. Appl. Electrochem., 53(10), 1939-1951,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01900-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01900-4

S. K. Chaurasia, M. P. Singh, M. K. Singh, P. Kumar, A. L. Saroj (2022) "Impact of ionic liquid incorporation on ionic transport and dielectric properties of PEO-lithium salt-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes: role of ion-pairing," J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 33(3), 1641-1656,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07706-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07706-y

P. Dhatarwal, R. J. Sengwa (2020) "Synergistic effects of salt concentration and polymer blend composition on the crystal phases, dielectric relaxation, and ion conduction in PVDF/PEO/LiCF3SO3 solid polymer electrolytes," Ionics, 26(5), 2259-2275,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-03337-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-03337-2

Y. Zhang, W. Feng, Y. Zhen, P. Zhao, X. Wang, L. Li (2022) "Effects of lithium salts on PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes and their all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries," Ionics, 28(6), 2751-2758,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04525-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04525-3

K. P. Sindhu, S. S. M. Abdul Majeed, J. Shahitha Parveen (2021) "PEO/PMMA Solid Nanocomposite Polyelectrolyte with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity and Promising Dielectric Properties," J. Electron. Mater., 50(12), 6654-6666,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09205-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09205-y

R. J. Sengwa, P. Dhatarwal (2020) "Predominantly chain segmental relaxation dependent ionic conductivity of multiphase semicrystalline PVDF/PEO/LiClO4 solid polymer electrolytes," Electrochimica Acta, 338, 135890,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135890 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135890

L. Liu et al. (2024) "Stable Cycling of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Salt Engineering of PEO‐Based Polymer Electrolytes," ENERGY Environ. Mater., 7(2), 12580,

https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12580 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12580

S. Liu et al. (2023) "Enhanced ionic conductivity of PEO-based solid electrolyte through synergistic dissociation effect," Mater. Lett., 351, 134981,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134981

C. Revathy, V. R. Sunitha, B. K. Money, R. Joseph, S. Radhakrishnan (2023) "Role of mixed molecular weight PEO-PVDF polymers in improving the ionic conductivity of blended solid polymer electrolytes," Ionics, 29(10), 4025-4035,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-023-05141-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-023-05141-5

A. R. Polu et al. (2023) "Conductivity enhancement in K+-ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte [PEG : KNO3] and its application as an electrochemical cell," Korean J. Chem. Eng., 40(12), 2975-2981,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1544-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1544-6

K. H. Khan, M. H. Bilal, J. Kressler, H. Hussain (2023) "PEO/PEG-b-P(MA-POSS)/LiClO4 blend solid polymer electrolyte for enhanced lithium-ion conductivity: fabrication, characterization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy," J. Mater. Sci., 58(46), 17557-17577,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-09109-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-09109-8

Y.Shin, A.Le Mong, C.Ng.Thi Linh (2024) Tough and single lithium-ion conductive nanocomposite electrolytes based on PAES- g -PEG and POSS-PEG for lithium-sulfur batteries," J. Mater. Chem. A, p.10.1039.D4TA01569J,

https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA01569J DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA01569J

S. Narute, J. M. Angel, T. Kyu (2023) "Highly conductive, stretchable block copolymer based elastomeric networks for lithium ion batteries," Electrochimica Acta, 443, 141962,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141962 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2023.141962

H. Lu, S. Zheng, L. Wei, X. Zhang, X. Guo (2023) "Manipulating Zn 2+ solvation environment in poly(propylene glycol)‐based aqueous Li + /Zn 2+ electrolytes for high‐voltage hybrid ion batteries," Carbon Energy, 5(12), 365,

https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.365

J. Chen et al. (2022) "Phase-locked constructing dynamic supramolecular ionic conductive elastomers with superior toughness, autonomous self-healing and recyclability," Nat. Commun., 13(1), 4868,

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32517-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32517-4

F. S. Genier, I. D. Hosein (2021) "Effect of Coordination Behavior in Polymer Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Conduction: A Molecular Dynamics Study of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(tetrahydrofuran)," Macromolecules, 54(18), 8553-8562,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01028

J. Wang, F. S. Genier, H. Li, S. Biria, I. D. Hosein (2019) "A Solid Polymer Electrolyte from Cross-Linked Polytetrahydrofuran for Calcium Ion Conduction," ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 1(7), 1837-1844,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00371

F. S. Genier, J. Barna, J. Wang, S. Biria, I. D. Hosein (2020) "A Solid Polymer Electrolyte from Photo-Crosslinked Polytetrahydrofuran and a Cycloaliphatic Epoxide for Lithium-Ion Conduction," MRS Adv., 5(48-49), 2467-2476,

https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.274

X. Zhang et al. (2022) "Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 Reinforced Polystyrene-Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(propylene oxide)-Poly(ethylene oxide)-Polystyrene pentablock copolymer-based composite solid electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries," J. Power Sources, 542, 231797,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231797

H. Xu et al. (2021) "Cross-Linked Polypropylene Oxide Solid Electrolyte Film with Enhanced Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrochemical Properties via Additive Modification," ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 3(12), 6539-6547,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01248

M. Liu et al. (2020) "A new composite gel polymer electrolyte based on matrix of PEGDA with high ionic conductivity for lithium-ion batteries," Electrochimica Acta, 354, 136622,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136622 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136622

S. Biria et al. (2021) "Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate for Calcium-Ion Conduction," ACS Omega, 6(26), 17095-17102,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c02312

C.-H. Chang, Y.-L. Liu (2022) "Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on an Interconnected Porous Matrix Functionalized with Poly(ethylene glycol) Brushes Showing High Lithium Transference Numbers for High Charging-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries," ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 10(15), 4904-4912,

https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08065

S. Xu et al. (2020) "Homogeneous and Fast Ion Conduction of PEO‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte at Low Temperature," Adv. Funct. Mater., 30(51), 2007172,

https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007172

H. T.Ahmed, O.Gh. Abdullah (2020) "Structural and ionic conductivity characterization of PEO:MC-NH4I proton-conducting polymer blend electrolytes based films," Results Phys., 16, 102861,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102861

M. A. Khan, Z. Hussain, U. Liaqat, M. A. Liaqat, M. Zahoor (2020) "Preparation of PBS/PLLA/HAP Composites by the Solution Casting Method: Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility," Nanomaterials, 10(9), 1778,

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091778