Biogoriva treće generacije - procesi uzgajanja i dobijanja goriva iz mikroalgi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2104249PKljučne reči:
biogoriva, mikroalge, otvoreni sistemi, fotobioreaktori, biodizel, bioetanolApstrakt
Istraživanja u vezi sa proizvodnjom energije iz biomase dobijaju sve više pažnje. Ulje iz algi (mikroi makroalgi) se može koristiti za dobijanje biogoriva. Biogoriva dobijena iz ovog tipa sirovina se nazivaju biogorivima treće generacije ili naprednim biogorivima. Ovaj rad se bazira isključivo na pregledu dostupnih tehnologija dobijanja goriva iz mikroalgi. Bitna prednost uzgoja mikroalgi je upravo TA da su za njihovu kultivaciju pogodni svi tipovi zemljišta, uz mogućnost korišćenja otpadnih tokova. Mikroalge se mogu gajiti u otvorenim sistemima, tzv. "raceway ponds" ili u zatvorenim sistemima, tj. fotobioreaktorima: fotobioreaktori sa ravnim pločama, horizontalni cjevasti, vertikalni stubovi sa ili bez cirkulacione petlje. Kultivacioni uslovi mikroalgi su takođe predstavljeni (fotoautotrofni, heterotrofni, miksotrofni i fotoheterotrofni). Dostupne tehnologije za proizvodnju biogoriva iz ovog tipa sirovina su: transesterifikacija, fermentacija, piroliza, hidrotermalna likvefakcija, anaerobna digestija i konverzija u tečnosti (biomass to liquids - BtL). U zadnjem poglavlju rada su prikazane osnovne informacije o procjeni životnog ciklusa kultivacije mikroalgi, kao i potencijala sekvestracije CO2.Reference
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