Heavy metals in the land of the potential local ecological network in the city of Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1700Abstract
In order to analyze the current state of agricultural land and assess its suitability for agricultural use within the potential local ecological network of the city of Zenica (Bosnia and Herzegovina), soil and plant samples were analyzed for the content of heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu). The obtained results were evaluated against the maximum permitted concentration for agricultural soils as defined by the relevant legislation. Soil samples and selected cultivated plant species were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to determine both total and available concentrations of selected heavy metals. Bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation (TAF) factors were calculated to assess the phytoremediation potential of selected plants. The research was conducted on agricultural plots located in settlements surrounding industrial facilities in the city of Zenica, primarily in the vicinity of the steelworks. The results revealed the highest BAF values for Cd across all investigated locations. Furthermore, the findings showed that alfalfa and corn efficiently translocated Cd, Ni, and Pb from roots to shoots. Overall, the results provide a solid basis for planning soil remediation strategies in the investigated areas using phytoremediation techniques, particularly with respect to cadmium decontamination, which proved to be feasible under by the studied conditions.
Keywords:
heavy metals, plants, agricultural soil, phytoremediationReferences
Q. Luo, B. Bai, Y. Xie, D. Yao, D. Zhang, Z. Chen, W. Zhuang, Q. Deng, Y. Xiao, J. Wu (2022) Effects of Cd uptake, translocation and redistribution in different hybrid rice varieties on grain Cd concentration. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 240, 113683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113683
S. Murtić, H. Čivić, E. Sijahović, C. Zahirović, E. Šahinović, A. Podrug (2021) Phytoremediation of soils polluted with heavy metals in the vicinity of the Zenica steel mill in Bosnia and Herzegovina: potential for using native flora. European Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11 (1), 31. https://doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2021.4
S.Murtić, J. Jurković, E. Bašic, E. Hekić (2019) Assessment of wild plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals in soils surrounding the thermal power station. Agronomy Research, 17 (1), 234.
J.S. Peng, Y.H. Guan, X.J. Lin, X.J. Xu, L. Xiao, H.H. Wang, S. Meng (2021) Comparative understanding of metal hyperaccumulation in plants: a mini-review. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43 (4), 1599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00533-2
T. Buba, M.A Jalam, M.I. Abubakar (2021) Bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) depends on ectomycorriza pisolithus arhizus and soil type, Soil and Environment, 40 (1), 59.
A.Samarska, O. Wiche (2024) Phytoextraction Options. In Biological Metal Recovery from Waste waters, Advances in Biochemical Engineering/ Biotechnology, Springer Cham: Switzerland, 190, pp. 181. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2024_263
A.K. Priya, M. Muruganandam, S.S. Ali, M. Kornaros (2023) Clean-up of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation: A Multidisciplinary and Eco-Friendly Approach, Toxics, 11 (5), 422. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050422
M.B. Lavanya, D.S. Viswanath, P.V. Sivapullaiah (2024) Phytoremediation: An eco-friendly approach for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils-A comprehensive review, Environmental Nanotechno¬logy, Monitoring and Management, 22, 100975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2024.100975
N. Sarwar, M. Imran, M.R. Shaheen, W. Ishaque, A. Kamran Matloob, A. Rehim, S. Hussai (2017) Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: modifications and future perspectives, Chemosphere, 171, 710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.116
A. Kumar, S. Gupta, M. Dadhwal, G. Mukherjee, A. Ahuja (2024) Phytoremediation: Sustainable Approach for Heavy Metal Pollution, Wiley Scientifica, 2024, 3909400. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3909400
S. Ashraf, Q. Ali, Z.A. Zahir, S. Ashraf, H.N. Asghar (2019) Phytoremediation: Environmentally sustainable way for reclamation of heavy metal polluted soils, Ecotoxicological Environmental Safety, 174, 714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.068
S. Beganović, H. Prcanović, M. Duraković, A. Adrović (2024) Application of bioremediation technologies in the remediation of agricultural land in the area of Zenica, International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 12 (08), 1079. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/19346
J.Petelka, J. Abraham, A. Bockreis, J.P. Deikumah, S. Zerbe (2019) Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution and Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plants on a Former Gold Mine in Ghana, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 230 (11), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4317-4
S.A. Bhat, O. Bashir, S.A. Ulhaq, T. Amin, A. Rafiq , M. Ali , J.H. Pinê Américo - Pinheiro , F. Sher (2022) Phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: An eco-friendly, sustainable and multidisciplinary approach, Chemosphere, 303, 134788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134788
J. Alijagić, R. Šajn (2011) Distribution of chemical elements in an old metallurgical area, Zenica (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Geoderma, 162 (1-2), 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.01.007
A. Šapčanin, E. Pehlić, S. Korać, E. Ramić, B. Pehlivanović (2021) Estimating the health risk of heavy metals in edible plants to the general population in Sarajevo, B&H, In New Technologies, Development and Application IV. NT 2021, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Isak Karabegović Eds., Springer Nature: Switzerland, 233, pp. 883. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75275-0_97
A. Šapčanin, S. Korać, B. Pehlivanović, E. Pehlić (2022) Consumption of Cereals in Bosnia and Herzegovina- the Health Risk Calculation. In New Technologies, Development and Application V. NT 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Isak Karabegovic, Ahmed Kovačević, Sadko Mandžuka, Eds., Springer Nature: Switzerland, 472, pp. 823. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05230-9_97
J. Suman, O. Uhlik, J. Viktorova, T. Macek (2018) Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals: A Promising Tool for Clean-Up of Polluted Environment?, Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 1476. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01476
Z.O. Alibrahim, C.D. Williams (2016) Assessment of bioavailability of some potential toxic metals in mining-affected soils using EDTA extraction and principle component analysis (PCA) approach, Derbyshire, UK, Interdisciplinary Journal of Chemistry, 1 (2), 58. https://doi.org/10.15761/IJC.1000110
F. Bikić, A. Pasalić (2016) Influence of Soil pH and Addition of a Complexing Agent on the Cadmium Content in Certain Plants. Kemija u Industriji, 65 (7-8), 375. https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2015.021
ISO 11466 (1996) Soil quality-Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
S. Beganović, H. Prcanović, M. Duraković, A. Adrović (2025) Heavy metal bioaccumulation in Zea Mays L. I Medicago Sativa L. in the area of Zenica, International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 13 (03), 112. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/20543
Official Gazete of FBiH (2009) Rulebook on determination of allowable quantities of harmful and hazardous substances in soils of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and methods for their testing No 72/09. Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, pp. 14.
C.R. Bern, K. Walton-Day, D.L. Naftz (2019) Improved enrichment factor calculations through principal component analysis: Examples from soils near breccia pipe uranium mines, Arizona, USA, Environmental Pollution, 248, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.122
B.R. Shetty, P.B. Jagadeesha, S.A. Salmataj (2025) Heavy metal contamination and its impact on the food chain: exposure, bioaccumulation, and risk assessment, CyTA - Journal of Food, 23 (1), 2438726. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2024.2438726
H. Babar, A. Yawar , R.Shafeeq , A. Haibat, Z. Mohsin, A. Shaukat, N.A. Muhammad, Z. Qandeel, T. Santos, R. Jorge (2022) Metal and metalloids speciation, fractionation, bioavailability, and transfer toward plants. In Metals Metalloids Soil Plant Water Systems- Phytophysiology and Remediation Techniques, 1st ed.; Tariq Aftab and Khalid Hakeem Eds., Academic Press, Elsevier Inc.: Netherlands, pp. 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91675-2.00026-3
M. Duraković, A. Husika, H. Prcanović, S. Beganović, M. Sisić (2022) Environmental burden by total sediment dust in the city of Zenica, International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 10 (11), 125. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/15648
L. Zhouli, M. Chen, M. Lin, Q. Chen, Q. Lu, J. Yao, X. He (2022) Cadmium Uptake and Growth Responses of Seven Urban Flowering Plants: Hyperaccumulator or Bioindicator?, Sustainability, 14 (2), 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020619
R.C.Tasrina, A. Rowshon, A.M.R. Mustafizur, I. Rafiqul, M.P. Ali (2015) Heavy Metals Contamination in Vegetables and its Growing Soil, Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2 (3), 142.
O.T. Aladesanmi, J.G. Oroboade, C.P. Osisiogu, A.O. Osewole (2019) Bioaccumulation factor of selected heavy metals in Zea mays, Journal of Health & Pollution, 9 (24), 191207. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-9.24.191207
C. Cluis (2004) Junk-greedy greens: phytiremediation as a new option for soil decontamination, BioTeach Journal, 2, 61.
L. Lianwen, L. Wei, S. Weiping, G. Mingxin (2018) Remediation techniques for heavy metal-contaminated soils: Principles and applicability, Science of the Total Environment, 633, 206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.161
T. Sterckeman, S. Thomine (2020) Mechanisms of Cadmium Accumulation in Plants, Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 39, (4), 322. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1792179
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
