Lignin and colour removal of pulp and papermill wastewater by enzymatic action of different fungal strains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1190Keywords:
Lignin peroxidase, pulp and paper mill, effluent, FTIR, 13C NMRAbstract
Wastewater from pulp and paper mill industries poses a major risk to the water and soil components of the ecosystem due to high concentration of organic as well as inorganic contaminants. In the present study, the performance of enzymatic activity of various fungal strains was investigated for the treatment of Pulp and paper mill effluent. Five effective white rot fungal strains were isolated which included Trametes versicolor recognized for the selective breakdown of lignin. Among all the strains, Trametes pubescens strain showed highest activity of lignin peroxidase, Fpase, xylanase, CMcase, protein, and sugar content at 120 h incubation period. Maximum removal efficiency of pollution load parameters such as colour (82%), COD (78%), lignin (83%) and adsorbable organic halides (AOX; 77%) was observed in Trametes pubescens on day 4 at 3.4 international unit per ml concentration of crude enzymes. The degradation and breakdown of high molecular weight contaminants such as lignin into small molecular weights compounds was established by FTIR and 13C NMR analyses.
References
Singh, P., & Thakur, I.S. "Colour removal of anaerobically treated pulp and paper mill effluent by microorganisms in two steps bioreactor." Bioresource Technology 97, no. 2 (2006): 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.022.
Ali, M., & Sreekrishnan, T.R. "Aquatic toxicity from pulp and paper mill effluents—A review." Advances in Environmental Research 5, no. 2 (2001): 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00055-1.
Nagarathnamma, R., & Bajpai, P. "Decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (1999): 1078–1082. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.3.1078-1082.1999.
Uğurlu, M., & Karaoğlu, M.H. "Removal of AOX, total nitrogen and chlorinated lignin from bleached kraft mill effluents by UV oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide utilizing TiO2 as photocatalyst." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16, no. 3 (2009): 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-008-0044-x.
Singh, A.K., & Chandra, R. "Pollutants released from the pulp paper mill: Aquatic toxicity and their health hazards." Aquatic Toxicology 211 (2019): 202–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.007.
Pokhrel, D., & Viraraghavan, T. "Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater—A review." Science of the Total Environment 333 (2004): 37–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.05.017.
Rintala, J.A., & Puhakka, D. "Anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper mill waste management: A review." Bioresource Technology 47, no. 1 (1994): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90022-1.
Thompson, G., Swain, J., Kay, M., & Forster, C.F. "The treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: A review." Bioresource Technology 77 (2001): 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00060-2.
Singh, P., Srivastava, A., & Srivastava, N. "Electricity generation by microbial fuel cell using pulp and paper mill wastewater, vermicompost and Escherichia coli." Indian Journal of Biotechnology 16 (2017): 211–215.
Singh, P., Jain, P., Verma, R., & Jagadish, R.S. "Characterization of lignin peroxidase from Paecilomyces species for decolorisation of pulp and paper mill effluent." Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 75 (2016): 500–505.
Amor, C., Marchão, L., Lucas, M.S., & Peres, J.A. "Application of advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of recalcitrant agro-industrial wastewater: A review." Water 11, no. 2 (2019): 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020205.
Srivastava, A., Singh, P., Srivastava, S., & Singh, S. "Reclamation and characterization of value-added products from pulp and paper mill effluent using microbial fuel cell." Materials Today: Proceedings (2023): In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.02.415.
Wong, K.K., Tan, L.U., & Saddler, J.N. "Multiplicity of beta-1,4-xylanase in microorganisms: Functions and applications." Microbiological Reviews 52 (1988): 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.52.3.305-317.1988.
Sanchez-Amat, A., Lucas-Elio, P., Fernandez, E., Garcia-Borron, J.C., & Solano, F. "Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a unique multipotent polyphenol oxidase from Marinomonas mediterranea." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1547, no. 1 (2001): 104–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4838(01)00174-1.
Renugadevi, R., Aryyappadas, M.P., Preethy, P.H., & Savetha, S. "Isolation, screening and induction of mutation in strain for extracellular lignin peroxidase producing bacteria from soil and its partial purification." Journal of Research in Biology 4 (2011): 312–318.
Shin, K.S. "The role of enzymes produced by white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus in the decolorization of the textile industry effluent." Journal of Microbiology 42 (2004): 37–41.
Singh, P., & Srivastava, A. "Enzymatic colour removal of pulp & paper mill effluent by different fungal strains." International Journal of Pharma & Bio Sciences 5, no. 3 (2014): 773–783.
Howard, R.L., Abotsi, E., Jansen van Rensburg, E.L., & Howard, S. "Lignocellulose biotechnology: Issues of bioconversion and enzyme production." African Journal of Biotechnology 2, no. 12 (2003): 602–619. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2003.000-1115.
Mehdi, D., Heidi, S., Syed, T.A., & Qin, W. "Fungal biodegradation and enzymatic modification of lignin." International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1, no. 1 (2010): 36–50.
Couto, S.R., & Herrera, J.L.T. "Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccases: A review." Biotechnology Advances 24, no. 5 (2006): 500–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.04.003.
Updegraff, D.M. "Semi micro determination of cellulose in biological materials." Analytical Biochemistry 32, no. 2 (1969): 420–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2697(69)80009-6.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, A.L., Farr, A.L., & Randall, R.J. "Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent." Journal of Biological Chemistry 193 (1951): 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6.
Somogyi, M. "Determination of blood sugar." Journal of Biological Chemistry 160 (1945): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43098-0.
Miller, G.L. "Use of dinitrosalicylic reagent for determination of reducing sugar." Analytical Chemistry 31, no. 3 (1959): 426–428. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030.
Ghose, T.K. "Measurement of cellulose activities." Pure and Applied Chemistry 59, no. 2 (1987): 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198759020257.
Yee, D.C., Jhang, D., & Wood, T.K. "Enhanced expression and hydrogen peroxide dependence of lignin peroxidase from Streptomyces viridosporus T7A." Biotechnology Progress 12, no. 1 (1996): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp950046+.
Bajpai, P., & Bajpai, P.K. "Mini review: Biological colour removal of pulp and paper mill waste waters." Journal of Biotechnology 33 (1994): 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(94)90069-8.
Pearl, I.A., & Benson, H.K. "The determination of lignin in sulphide pulping liquor." Paper Trade Journal 111, no. 18 (1940): 35–36.
APHA. "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater," 14th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1995.
Rana, B.K., Johri, B.N., & Thakur, I.S. "Studies on formation and activities of xylan hydrolyzing enzymes of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 12 (1996): 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327791.
Gaikwad, J., Soloman, S., & Maheswari, R. "Localization and release of β-glucosides in the thermophilic and cellulolytic fungus Sporotrichum thermophilum." Experimental Mycology 18 (1994): 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-5975(06)80003-4.
Biswas, S.R., Mishra, A.K., & Nanda, G. "Xylanase and β-xylosidase production by Aspergillus ochraceus during growth on lignocelluloses." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31, no. 6 (1998): 613–616. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310614.
Tuisel, H., Sinclair, R., Bumpus, J.A., Ashbaugh, W., Brock, B.J., & Aust, S.D. "Lignin peroxidase H2 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium: Purification, characterization, and stability to temperature and pH." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 279, no. 1 (1990): 158–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(90)90476-F.
Have, R.T., Hartmans, S., & Field, A.J. "Interference of peptone and tyrosine with the lignin peroxidase assay." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, no. 8 (1997): 3301–3303. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.8.3301-3303.1997.
Kapoor, K.K., Jain, M.K., Mishra, M.M., & Mishra, C. "Cellulase activity, degradation of cellulose and lignin, and humus formation by cellulolytic fungi." Annales de Microbiologie 129 B (1978): 613–620.
Archand, L.R., & Archibald, F.S. "Decolorization of kraft bleachery effluent chromophores by Coriolus versicolor." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 13 (1991): 94–96.
Yan, P., Xu, Z., Zhang, C., Liu, X., Xu, W., & Zhang, Z.C. "Fractionation of lignin from eucalyptus bark using amine-sulfonate functionalized ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 17 (2015): 4913–4920. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC01035G.
Zhou, X.F. "Hydrothermal degradation of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignin in water-isopropyl alcohol co-solvent." Bioresource Technology 170 (2014): 583–586.
Hern'andez, M., Rodríguez, J., Pérez, M.I., Ball, A.S., & Arias, M.E. "13C NMR cross polarization and magic angle spinning (CPMAS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the products from a soda pulp mill effluent decolourised by two Streptomyces strains." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 47, no. 3 (1997): 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530050926.
Choi, J.W., & Faix, O. "NMR study on residual lignins isolated from chemical pulps of beech wood by enzymatic hydrolysis." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2011): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2010.10.004.
