Non-destructive evaluation of subsurface corrosion on hot steel angle sections embedded in concrete and its repair by cement slurry and nitozinc coating
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1129Keywords:
corrosion, coating, chemical resistance, durability, FRP, angle sectionAbstract
This research article presents a comprehensive investigation into the materials and corrosion resistance of angle components critical to infrastructure construction. The study focuses on two key angle materials: steel angles and Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) angles, selected based on project-specific requirements. The concrete mix design, incorporating crucial components like chemicals (Calcium Chloride, Sodium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide), aggregates (M Sand and 20 mm Aggregate), and cement (Portland Pozzolana Cement - 43 grade), ensures that the structural integrity and performance meet desired standards. The research also involves advanced corrosion assessment techniques, including the Half-Cell Potential Test and the Applied Voltage Test (Holiday Test), which offer insights into material conductance, corrosion resistance, and protective coating integrity. Moreover, a Chemical Resistance Test examines the impact of various solutions on these materials, highlighting their suitability for diverse industrial applications. The results underscore the importance of tailored material selection, proactive corrosion management, and the critical role of protective coatings in ensuring infrastructure longevity and safety. This study contributes to the advancement of corrosion assessment methods, supporting the durability of critical infrastructure materials.
References
R.Alfred, J.Mathew (2013) Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist chloride Ion Penetration. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research.,3(6), 51-59.
A.Ahmad, A.Kumar(2013)Chloride ion migration/diffusion through concrete and test methods. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research., 6(3), 151-180.
B.P.Baltazar-García, B.Zamora, et al. (2024) Behavior of Potential of Half-Cell AISI 1018 and GS in Concrete Buried in Sand in the Presence of MgSO4. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research., 9(1), 32-36.
https://doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2024.9.1.3123
N.Kumar, S.Prakash, S.Ghani, M.Gupta, S. Saharan (2024) Data-driven machine learning approaches for predicting permeability and corrosion risk in hybrid concrete incorporating blast furnace slag and fly ash. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering., 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-023-00977-8
M.A.M.Ariffin, M.A.R.Bhutta, M.W.Hussin, M.Mohd Tahir, Nor Aziah, Sulfuric acid resistance of blended ash geopolymer concrete.
R.Mohanraj, K.Vidhya (2024) Evaluation of compressive strength of Euphorbia tortilis cactus infused M25 concrete by using ABAQUS under static load. Materials Letters., 356, 135600.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2023.135600
T.Bakharev, J.G.Sanjayan, Y.B.Cheng (2003) Resistance of alkali-activated slag concrete to acid attack, Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 1607 - 1611.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00125-X
M.T.Bassuoni, M.L.Nehdi (2007) Resistance of self-consolidating concrete to sulfuric acid attack with consecutive pH reduction.Cement and Concrete Research., 37, 1070-1084.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.04.014
R.Mohanraj, S.Senthilkumar, P.Padmapoorani (2022) Mechanical properties of RC beams With AFRP sheets under a sustained load. Materials and Technology., 56(4), 365-372.
https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2022.481
C. Bilim, C.D.Atis, H. Tanyildizi, O. Karahan (2009) Predicting the compressive strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete using artificial neural network.Advances in Engineering Software., 40, 334-340.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.05.005
M.Velumani, R.Mohanraj, R.Krishnasamy, K. Yuvaraj (2023)Durability Evaluation of Cactus-Infused M25 Grade Concrete as a Bio-Admixture. Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering., 67(4), 1066-1079 .
https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.22050
Ch.Kennedy, Ph. Kpae, W. Oruene(2018) Comparative Half Cell Potential and Concrete Resistivity Corrosion Probability Assessment of Embedded Coated Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Accelerated Environment. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research., 9(5).141-159.
https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2018.05.06
R. Krishnasamy, C. J.Singaram, S. Palanichamy, R. Mohanraj (2024) Testing and Evaluation of Buckling and Tensile Performance of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Angle Section with Different Joints/Con¬nections. Journal of Testing and Evaluation., 52(1), 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20230010
L.V.Dias, S.M.Soares J.A.Salvador Filho, F.G.S. Ferreira (2021)Evaluation of chloride migration in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with glass powder.11(2), 61-75.
https://doi.org/10.21041/ra.v11i2.512
D.Mills, P.Lambert, Sh.Yang (2021) Electrochemical Noise Measurement to Assess Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete. 14(18), 5392.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185392
R.Mohanraj, S.Senthilkumar, Pr. Goel, R. Bharti (2023) A state-of-the-art review of Euphorbia Tortilis cactus as a bio-additive for sustainable construction materials. Materials Today: Proceedings.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.762
S.Gunaselvi, P.Satheeshkumar, M.Jeganathan (2020) Surface Modification of Steel by Nickel Coating in Electrochemical Process. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems., 23(2), 112-122.
https://doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v23i2.a08
K. Chansuriyasak, Ch. Wanichlamlart, P. Sancharoen, W. Kongprawechnon S. Tangtermsirikul (2010) Comparison between half-cell potential of reinforced concrete exposed to carbon dioxide and chloride environment. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 32 (5), 461-468.
L.Maria Nicula,O.Corbu, M.Iliescu, A.V.Sandu, An. Hegyi (2021) Study on the Durability of Road Concrete with Blast Furnace Slag Affected by the Corrosion Initiated by Chloride. Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering., p.1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8851005
R.Mohanraj, S.Senthilkumar, S. Shanmugasun-daram, P.Padmapoorani (2022) Torsional performance of reinforced concrete beam with carbon fiber and aramid fiber laminates. Revista de la Construcción., 21(2), 329-337.
https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.21.2.329
L. Sadowski (2016) Methodology for Assessing the Probability of Corrosion in Concrete Structures on the Basis of Half-Cell Potential and Concrete Resistivity Measurements. The Scientific World Journal.
S.C.Johnson, G.S.Thirugnanam (2010) Experimental study on corrosion of transmission line tower foundation and its rehabilitation. International Journal of Civil & Structural Engineering., 1(1), 27-34.
P. Claisse, J. L. Marriaga (2012) The effect of other ions on chloride migration in concrete. 3rd International Conference on the Durability of Concrete Structures.,p.17-19.
R. Siddique, J. Klaus (2009) Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete. Applied Clay Science., 43(3-4), 392-400.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.11.007
P.Padmapoorani, S.Senthilkumar, R.Mohanraj (2023) Machine Learning Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures: A Systematic Review. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 47(4).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01054-5
R. Rodrigues, St. Gaboreau, J. Gance, I. Ignastiadis St. Betelu(2020)Numerical Insights into Its Physical Aspect and Its Ability to Locate Highly Corroding Areas in Macrocell Corrosion of Steel in Concrete. Corros. Mater. Degrad., 1, 373-407.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd1030018
R.Paul Borg, E.Gatt, St.Sammut(2017) Chloride Ion Detection in Concrete through Galvanic Voltage and Resistivity. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering., 11(4), 638-645.
V.L.Satish (2020) Half Cell Potential Studies for Durability Studies of Concrete Structures in Coastal Environment., NDE2020.e12608.
R.Mohanraj, S.Senthilkumar, P.Loganathan, R. Krishnasamy (2023) Confinement effectiveness of 2900psi concrete using the extract of Euphorbia tortilis cactus as a natural additive. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)., 28(1).
https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2022-0233
S.Irico, L.De Meyst, D.Qvaeschning, M.Cruz Alonso, Kristina Villar, and Nele De Belie (2020)Severe Sulfuric Acid Attack on Self-Compacting Concrete with Granulometrically Optimized Blast-Furnace Slag-Comparison of Different Test Methods. Materials., 13, 1431.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061431
W.Yourey,Y.Fu, N.Li, V.Battaglia, W.Tong (2021) Design Considerations for Fast Charging Lithium Ion Cells for NMC/MCMB Electrode Pairs. Batteries., 7(1), 4.
https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7010004
ASTM C 876-91(2008) Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete.
K.Ravikumar, S.Palanichamy, C.J.Singaram, M. Rajendran (2023) Crushing performance of pultruded GFRP angle section with various connections and joints on lattice towers. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)., 28, e20230003.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0003
P.Loganathan, R.Mohanraj, S.Senthilkumar, K. Yuvaraj (2022) Mechanical performance of ETC RC beam with U-framed AFRP laminates under a static load condition. Revista de la Construcción., 21(3), 678- 691.
https://doi.org/10.7764/RDLC.21.3.678
G.Palanisamy, V.Kumarasamy (2023) Rehabilitation of damaged RC exterior beam-column joint using various configurations of CFRP laminates subjected to cyclic excitations. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)., 28(2), e20230110.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0110
A.A.Rajesh, S.Senthilkumar, S.Samson (2023) Optimal proportional combinations of rubber crumbs and steel slag for enhanced concrete split tensile strength. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)., 28(4), e20230206.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0206
P.Prasanthni, B.Priya, G.Dineshkumar, G.N. gobinath (2023) Mechanical properties of coal ash concrete in the presence of graphene oxide. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization. In press.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2023.2284991
A.R.Krishnaraja, S.Kandasamy (2018) Flexural performance of hybrid engineered cementitious composite layered reinforced concrete beams. Periodica PolytechnicaCivil Engineering., 62(4), 921-929.
https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.11748
S.C.Johnson, G.S.Thirugnanam (2015) Structural integrity assessment of transmission line tower foundations: a comprehensive approach. CIGRE India Journal, 4(2), 42-49.
R.Krishnasamy, S.C.Johnson (2020) Experimental investigations on glass fibre reinforced polymer composite pultruded sections and transmission line towers modules. Water and Energy International., 62(10), 33-37.
K.Gurunaathan, S.C.Johnson, G.S.Thirugnanam (2017) Anticipated and actual performance of composite girder with pre-stressed concrete beam and RCC top flange. Structural Engineering and Mechanics International Journal., 61(1), 117-124.
https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.1.117
A.R.Krishnaraja, S.Anandakumar, M.Jegan, et al. (2019) Study on impact of fiber hybridization in material properties of engineered cementitious composites. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)., 24(2), e12347.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620190002.0662
A.A.Rajesh, S.Senthilkumar, K.Sargunan (2023) Interpolation and extrapolation of flexural strength of rubber crumbs and coal ash with graphene oxide concrete. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro). 28(4), e20230179.