Influence of rice husk ash inclusion on electrical characteristics of dry cement mortar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1051Keywords:
Building; Electrical resistance; Temperature sensing; Thermal sensitivity index; WasteAbstract
Rice husk is usually generated as waste in large quantities but yet to be optimally utilized. Due to the pollution effects associated with poor approach prevalently adopted for its disposal, valorizing it into economical and sustainable material for building construction is a necessary option to provide solution for future generation. In this research, separate dry mortars were prepared using cement grades 32.5R and 42.5N and the influence of rice husk ash (RHA) inclusion on their electrical characteristics was investigated. The materials used were batched by volume and the RHA was utilized as a partial substitute for cement at 10 % level. All the samples were cured for 21 days and then allowed to dry completely prior to the tests implementation. The results showed decrease in electrical resistance with temperature (ranging from 20oC to 50oC) due to incorporation of the RHA. Though samples with the RHA content possessed ability to act as smart mortars for temperature monitoring/sensing, utilization of cement grade 42.5N ensured a better performance. By utilizing rice husks in such undertakings, their associated disposal problems could be tackled and construction of inexpensive but sustainable building with large temperature sensing capability could be enhanced.
References
Ahmed S.M., Kamal I., (2022). Electrical resistivity and compressive strength of cement mortar based on green magnetite nanoparticles and wastes from steel industry, Case Studies in Construction Materials. Vol. 17; e01712,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01712
Honorio T., Carasek H.,, Cascudo O., (2020). Electrical properties of cement-based materials:Multiscale modeling and quantification of the variability, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 245; pp.11846.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118461
Bazari A.A.K., Chini M., (2022). Laboratory Evaluation of Electrical Resistance of Concrete, Journal of Civil Engineering and Materials Application. Vol. 6, Iss. 2; 99 - 111, https://doi.org/10.22034/jcema.2022.333341.1082
Vipulanandan C.,Mohammed A., (2015). Smart cement modified with iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance the piezoresistive behaviour and compressive strength for oil well applications, Smart Mater. Struct. Vol. 24; 125020.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/24/12/125020
Chen M., Gao P., Geng F., Zhang L., Liu H., (2017). Mechanical and smart properties of carbon fiber and graphite conductive concrete for internal damage monitoring of structure, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 142; 320 - 327
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.048
Han B., Zhang L., Sun S., Yu X., Dong X., Wu T., Ou J., (2015). Electrostatic self-assembled carbon nanotube/nano carbon black composite fillers reinforced cement-based materials with multifunctionality, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. Vol. 79; 103 - 115
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.09.016
Liu Q.,Wu W., Xiao J., Tian Y., Chen J., Singh A., (2019). Correlation between damage evolution and resistivity reaction of concrete in-filled with graphene nanoplatelets, Constr. Build. Mater, Vol. 208; 482 - 491
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.036
Ozbulut O.E., Jiang Z., Harris D.K., 2018. Exploring scalable fabrication of self-sensing cementitious composites with grapheme na-noplatelets, Smart Mater. Struct. Vol. 7; 115029
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aae623
Monteiro A., Cachim P., Costa P.M., (2017). Self-sensing piezoresistive cement composite loaded with carbon black particles, Cem. Concr. Compos. Vol. 81; 59 - 65
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.04.009
Jiang Z., Ozbulut O.E., Xing G., (2019). Self-Sensing Characterization of GNP and carbon black filled cementitious composites. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, Louisville, KY, USA, 9 - 11 September 2019
https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2019-5653
Ding Y., Liu G., Hussain A., Pacheco-Torgal F., Zhang Y., (2019). Effect of steel fiber and carbon black on the self-sensing ability of concrete cracks under bending. Constr. Build. Mater. Vol. 2017; 630 - 639
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.160
Yıldırım G., Sarwar M.H., Al-Dahawi A., Öztürk O., Anıl O., Sahmaran M., (2018). Piezoresistive behavior of CF-and CNT-based reinforced concrete beams subjected to static flexural loading: Shear failure investigation, Constr. Build. Mater. Vol. 168; 266 - 279
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.124
[]3] Buasiri T., Habermehl-Cwirzen K., Krzeminski L., Cwirzen A., (2021). Role of Carbon Nanofiber on the Electrical Resistivity of Mortar under Compressive Load, Transportation Research Record. Vol. 2675, Iss. 9; 33 - 37,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120947417
Gao F., Tian W., Wang Z., Wang F., (2020). Effect of diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties and microstructure of the cement-based materials, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 260; Article 120452
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120452
Gao F., Tian W., Cheng X., (2021). Investigation of moisture migration of MWCNTs concrete after different heatingcooling process by LF-NMR, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 288, Iss. 11; Article 123146
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123146
Sedaghatdoost A., Behfarnia K., (2018). Mechanical properties of Portland cement mortar containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes at elevated temperatures, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 176; 482 - 489
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.095
Baloch W.L., Khushnood R.L., Khaliq W., (2018). Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the residual performance of concrete exposed to high temperatures, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 185; 44 - 56
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.051
Kim G.M., Yoon H.N., Lee H.K., (2018). Autogenous shrinkage and electrical characteristics of cement pastes and mortars with carbon nanotube and carbon fiber, Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 177; 428 - 435
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.127
Abdulhameed A., Wahab N.Z.A., Mohtar M.N., Hamidon M.N., Shafie S., Halin I.A., (2021). Methods and applications of electrical conductivity enhancement of materials using carbon nanotubes, Journal of Electronic Materials. Vol. 50, Iss. 6; 3207 - 3221
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-08928-2
Jang S.H., Hochstein D.P., Kawashima S., Yin H., (2017). Experiments and micromechanical modeling of electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube/cement composites with moisture, Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol. 77; 49 - 59
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.12.003
Ding S., Dong S., Ashour A., Han B., (2019). Development of sensing concrete: principles, properties and its applications, Journal of Applied Physics. Vol. 126, Iss. 24; 241101
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5128242
Yoo D.Y., You I., Lee S.J., (2018). Electrical and piezoresistive sensing capacities of cement paste with multi- walled carbon nanotubes, Engineering. Vol. 18, Iss. 2; 371 - 384
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.09.007
Robert U.W., Etuk S.E., Ekong S.A., Agbasi O.E., Ekpenyong N.E., Akpan S.S., Umana E.A., (2022). Electrical characteristics of dry cement - based composites modified with coconut husk ash nanomaterial, Advances In Materials Science. Vol. 22, Iss. 2 (72); 64 - 77,
https://doi.org/10.2478/adms-2022-0008
Honorio T., Bary B., Sanahuja J., Benboudjema F., (2017). Effective properties of n-coated composite spheres assemblage in an ageing linear viscoelastic framework, International Journal of Solids and Structures. Vol. 124; 1 - 13
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.04.028
Nadeau J.C., (2002). Water-cement ratio gradients in mortars and corresponding effective elastic properties, Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 32, Iss. 3; 481- 490
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00710-4
Amin M., Abdelsalam B.A., (2019). Efficiency of rice husk ash and fly ash as reactivity materials in sustainable concrete, Sustainable Environment Research. Vol. 29 Article 30,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-019-0035-2
Zaid O., Ahmad J., Siddique M.S., Aslam F., (2021). Effect of Incorporation of Rice Husk Ash instead of Cement on the Performance of Steel Fibers Reinforced Concrete, Front. Mater. Vol. 8; 665625,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.665625
Bheel B., Abro A.W., Shar I.A., Dayo A.A., Shaikh S., Shaikh Z.H., 2019. Use of Rice Husk Ash as Cementitious Material in Concrete, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 9, Iss. 3; 4209 - 4212
https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2746
Yin M., Li X., Liu Q., Tang F., (2022). Rice husk ash addition to acid red soil improves the soil property and cotton seedling growth, Scientific Reports. Vol. 12; 1704,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05199-7
Saranya P., Sri Gayathiri C.M., Sellamuthu K.M., (2018). Potential Use of Rice Husk Ash for Enhancing Growth of Maize (Zea mays), International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. Vol. 7, Iss. 3; 899 - 906,
https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.105
Robert U.W., Etuk S.E., Agbasi O.E., Ekong S.A., Nathaniel E.U., Anonaba A., Nnana L.A., (2021). Valorization of Waste carton paper, Melon seed husks and Groundnut shells to thermal insulation panels for structural applications, Polytechnica. Vvol. 4, Iss. 2; 97 - 106,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41050-021-00034-w
Ekong, S.A., Oyegoke, D.A., Edema, A.A., Robert, U.W., (2022). Density and water absorption coefficient of sandcrete blocks produced with waste paper ash as partial replacement of cement, Advances in Materials Science, 22(4), 85 - 97,
https://doi.org/10.2478/adms-2022-0021
ASTM C136/136M, (2019). Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken,PA
Robert U.W., Etuk S.E., Agbasi O.E., Okorie U.S., Abdulrazzaq Z.T., Anonaba A.U., Ojo O.T., (2021). On the hygrothermal properties of sandcrete blocks produced with sawdust as partial replacement of sand, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Vol. 30, Iss. 1; 144 - 155,
https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2021-0015
Yahaya M.D., (2009). Physico-chemical classification of Nigerian cement, Australian Journal of Technology. Vol. 12, Iss. 3; 164 - 174
Etuk S.E., Emah J.B., Robert U.W., Agbasi O.E., Akpabio I.A. (2021). Comparison of Electrical Resistivity of Soots formed by combustion of Kerosene, Diesel, aviation fuel and their mixtures, Brilliant Engineering.Vol. 3; 6 - 10,
https://doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.003.002
Munifah S.S., Wiendartun, Aminudim A., 2018. Design of temperature measuring instrument using NTC thermistor of Fe2TiO5 based on microcontroller AT mega 328, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, pp. 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1280/2/022052
Robert U.W., Etuk S.E., Agbasi O.E., Iboh U.A., Ekpo S.S., (2020). Temperature-Dependent Electrical Characteristics of Disc-shaped Compacts fabricated using Calcined Eggshell Nano powder and Dry Cassava starch, Powder Metallurgy Progress. Vol. 20, Iss. 1; 12 - 20,
https://doi.org/10.2478/pmp-2020-0002
Adeniran A.O., Akankpo A.O., Etuk S.E., Robert U.W., Agbasi O.E., (2022). Comparative study of electrical resistance of disc-shaped compacts fabricated using calcined clams shell, Periwinkle shell and Oyster shell nanopowder, Kragujevac Journal of Science. Vol. 44; 25 - 36,
https://doi.org/10.5937/KgJSci2244025A
Guiling X., Xiaoping C., Cai L., Pan X., Changsui Z., (2016). Experimental investigation on the flowability properties of cohesive carbonaceous powders, Journal of Particulate Science and Technology, 35(3); 322 - 329.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2016.1154910
Lu H., Guo X., Liu Y., Gong X., (2015). Effects of particle size on flow mode and flow characteristics of pulverised coal, Kona Powder Part I., 32; 143 - 53.
https://doi.org/10.14356/kona.2015002
Durairaj R., Varatharajan T., Srinivasan S.K., Gurupatham B.G.A., Roy K., (2022). An Experimental Study on Electrical Properties of Self-Sensing Mortar, Journal of Composite Science. Vol. 6; 1 - 28,